Free ISTQB CT-AI Practice Exams - Page 4 of 5

Question #31

In a certain coffee producing region of Colombia, there have been some severe weather storms, resulting in massive losses in production. This caused a massive drop in stock price of coffee.

Which ONE of the following types of testing SHOULD be performed for a machine learning model for stock-price prediction to detect influence of such phenomenon as above on price of coffee stock. SELECT ONE OPTION

A . Testing for accuracy
B . Testing for bias
C . Testing for concept drift
D . Testing for security

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Question #32

Arihant Meditation is a startup using Al to aid people in deeper and better meditation based on analysis of various factors such as time and duration of the meditation, pulse and blood pressure, EEG patters etc. among others. Their model accuracy and other functional performance parameters have not yet reached their desired level.

Which ONE of the following factors is NOT a factor affecting the ML functional performance? SELECT ONE OPTION

A . The data pipeline
B . The quality of the labeling
C . Biased data
D . The number of classes

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Question #33

The activation value output for a neuron in a neural network is obtained by applying computation to the neuron.

Which ONE of the following options BEST describes the inputs used to compute the activation value? SELECT ONE OPTION

A . Individual bias at the neuron level, activation values of neurons in the previous layer, and weights assigned to the connections between the neurons.
B . Activation values of neurons in the previous layer, and weights assigned to the connections between the neurons.
C . Individual bias at the neuron level, and weights assigned to the connections between the neurons.
D . Individual bias at the neuron level, and activation values of neurons in the previous layer.

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Correct Answer: A
A

Explanation:

In a neural network, the activation value of a neuron is determined by a combination of inputs from the previous layer, the weights of the connections, and the bias at the neuron level. Here’s a detailed breakdown:

Inputs for Activation Value:

Activation Values of Neurons in the Previous Layer: These are the outputs from neurons in the preceding layer that serve as inputs to the current neuron.

Weights Assigned to the Connections: Each connection between neurons has an associated weight, which determines the strength and direction of the input signal.

Individual Bias at the Neuron Level: Each neuron has a bias value that adjusts the input sum, allowing the activation function to be shifted.

Calculation:

The activation value is computed by summing the weighted inputs from the previous layer and

adding the bias. ⋅ ⋅

Formula: z=∑(wi ai)+bz = sum (w_i cdot a_i) + bz=∑(wiai)+b, where wiw_iwiare the weights, aia_iai are the activation values from the previous layer, and bbb is the bias.

The activation function (e.g., sigmoid, ReLU) is then applied to this sum to get the final activation value.

Why Option A is Correct:

Option A correctly identifies all components involved in computing the activation value: the individual bias, the activation values of the previous layer, and the weights of the connections.

Eliminating Other Options:

B. Activation values of neurons in the previous layer, and weights assigned to the connections between the neurons: This option misses the bias, which is crucial.

C. Individual bias at the neuron level, and weights assigned to the connections between the neurons: This option misses the activation values from the previous layer.

D. Individual bias at the neuron level, and activation values of neurons in the previous layer: This option misses the weights, which are essential.

Reference: ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus, Section 6.1, Neural Networks, discusses the components and functioning of neurons in a neural network.

"Neural Network Activation Functions" (ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus, Section 6.1.1).

Question #34

Which ONE of the following approaches to labelling requires the least time and effort? SELECT ONE OPTION

A . Outsourced
B . Pre-labeled dataset
C . Internal
D . Al-Assisted

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Question #35

In a conference on artificial intelligence (Al), a speaker made the statement, "The current implementation of Al using models which do NOT change by themselves is NOT true Al*.

Based on your understanding of Al, is this above statement CORRECT or INCORRECT and why? SELECT ONE OPTION

A . This statement is incorrect. Current Al is true Al and there is no reason to believe that this fact will change over time.
B . This statement is correct. In general, what is considered Al today may change over time.
C . This statement is incorrect.
What is considered Al today will continue to be Al even as technology evolves and changes.
D . This statement is correct. In general, today the term Al is utilized incorrectly.

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Question #36

Which of the following is THE LEAST appropriate tests to be performed for testing a feature related to autonomy? SELECT ONE OPTION

A . Test for human handover to give rest to the system.
B . Test for human handover when it should actually not be relinquishing control.
C . Test for human handover requiring mandatory relinquishing control.
D . Test for human handover after a given time interval.

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Question #37

Which ONE of the following types of coverage SHOULD be used if test cases need to cause each neuron to achieve both positive and negative activation values? SELECT ONE OPTION

A . Value coverage
B . Threshold coverage
C . Sign change coverage
D . Neuron coverage

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Question #38

Which ONE of the following options describes a scenario of A/B testing the LEAST? SELECT ONE OPTION

A . A comparison of two different websites for the same company to observe from a user acceptance perspective.
B . A comparison of two different offers in a recommendation system to decide on the more effective offer for same users.
C . A comparison of the performance of an ML system on two different input datasets.
D . A comparison of the performance of two different ML implementations on the same input data.

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Question #39

A system was developed for screening the X-rays of patients for potential malignancy detection (skin cancer). A workflow system has been developed to screen multiple cancers by using several individually trained ML models chained together in the workflow.

Testing the pipeline could involve multiple kind of tests (I – III):

I. Pairwise testing of combinations

II. Testing each individual model for accuracy

III. A/B testing of different sequences of models

Which ONE of the following options contains the kinds of tests that would be MOST APPROPRIATE to include in the strategy for optimal detection? SELECT ONE OPTION

A . Only III
B . I and II
C . I and III
D . Only II

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Question #40

"AllerEgo" is a product that uses sell-learning to predict the behavior of a pilot under combat situation for a variety of terrains and enemy aircraft formations. Post training the model was exposed to the real-world data and the model was found to be behaving poorly. A lot of data quality tests had been performed on the data to bring it into a shape fit for training and testing.

Which ONE of the following options is least likely to describes the possible reason for the fall in the performance, especially when considering the self-learning nature of the Al system? SELECT ONE OPTION

A . The difficulty of defining criteria for improvement before the model can be accepted.
B . The fast pace of change did not allow sufficient time for testing.
C . The unknown nature and insufficient specification of the operating environment might have caused the poor performance.
D . There was an algorithmic bias in the Al system.

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