Free EC-Council 312-50v13 Practice Exams - Page 8 of 29

Question #71

Which of the following tactics uses malicious code to redirect users’ web traffic?

A . Spimming
B . Pharming
C . Phishing
D . Spear-phishing

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Question #72

what is the port to block first in case you are suspicious that an loT device has been compromised?

A . 22
B . 443
C . 48101
D . 80

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Question #72

what is the port to block first in case you are suspicious that an loT device has been compromised?

A . 22
B . 443
C . 48101
D . 80

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Question #74

While performing a security audit of a web application, an ethical hacker discovers a potential vulnerability.

The application responds to logically incorrect queries with detailed error messages that divulge the underlying database’s structure. The ethical hacker decides to exploit this vulnerability further.

Which type of SQL Injection attack is the ethical hacker likely to use?

A . UNION SQL Injection
B . Blind/inferential SQL Injection
C . In-band SQL Injection
D . Error-based SOL Injection

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Question #75

Which type of sniffing technique is generally referred as MiTM attack?

A . Password Sniffing
B . ARP Poisoning
C . Mac Flooding
D . DHCP Sniffing

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Question #76

A cyber attacker has initiated a series of activities against a high-profile organization following the Cyber Kill Chain Methodology. The attacker is presently in the “Delivery” stage. As an Ethical Hacker, you are trying to anticipate the adversary’s next move.

What is the most probable subsequent action from the attacker based on the Cyber Kill Chain Methodology?

A . The attacker will attempt to escalate privileges to gain complete control of the compromised system.
B . The attacker will exploit the malicious payload delivered to the target organization and establish a foothold.
C . The attacker will initiate an active connection to the target system to gather more data.
D . The attacker will start reconnaissance to gather as much information as possible about the target.

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Correct Answer: B
B

Explanation:

The most probable subsequent action from the attacker based on the Cyber Kill Chain Methodology is to exploit the malicious payload delivered to the target organization and establish a foothold.

This option works as follows:

The Cyber Kill Chain Methodology is a framework that describes the stages of a cyberattack from the perspective of the attacker. It helps defenders to understand the attacker’s objectives, tactics, and techniques, and to design effective countermeasures. The Cyber Kill Chain Methodology consists of seven stages: reconnaissance, weaponization, delivery, exploitation, installation, command and control, and actions on objectives12.

The delivery stage is the third stage in the Cyber Kill Chain Methodology, and it involves sending or transmitting the weaponized payload to the target system. The delivery stage can use various methods, such as email attachments, web links, removable media, or network protocols. The delivery stage aims to reach the target system and bypass any security controls, such as firewalls, antivirus, or email filters12.

The exploitation stage is the fourth stage in the Cyber Kill Chain Methodology, and it involves executing the malicious payload on the target system. The exploitation stage can use various techniques, such as buffer overflows, code injection, or privilege escalation. The exploitation stage aims to exploit a vulnerability or a weakness in the target system and gain access to its resources, such as files, processes, or memory12.

The installation stage is the fifth stage in the Cyber Kill Chain Methodology, and it involves installing a backdoor or a malware on the target system. The installation stage can use various tools, such as rootkits, trojans, or ransomware. The installation stage aims to establish a foothold on the target system and maintain persistence, which means to survive reboots, updates, or scans12.

Therefore, the most probable subsequent action from the attacker based on the Cyber Kill Chain Methodology is to exploit the malicious payload delivered to the target organization and establish a foothold, because:

This action follows the logical sequence of the Cyber Kill Chain Methodology, as it is the next stage after the delivery stage.

This action is consistent with the attacker’s goal, as it allows the attacker to gain access and control over the target system and prepare for further actions.

This action is feasible, as the attacker has already delivered the malicious payload to the target system and may have bypassed some security controls.

The other options are not as probable as option B for the following reasons:

Question #77

A DDOS attack is performed at layer 7 to take down web infrastructure. Partial HTTP requests are sent to the web infrastructure or applications. Upon receiving a partial request, the target servers opens multiple connections and keeps waiting for the requests to complete.

Which attack is being described here?

A . Desynchronization
B . Slowloris attack
C . Session splicing
D . Phlashing

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Correct Answer: B
B

Explanation:

Developed by Robert “RSnake” Hansen, Slowloris is DDoS attack software that permits one computer to require down an internet server. Due the straightforward yet elegant nature of this attack, it requires minimal bandwidth to implement and affects the target server’s web server only, with almost no side effects on other services and ports.

Slowloris has proven highly-effective against many popular sorts of web server software, including Apache 1.x and 2.x.

Over the years, Slowloris has been credited with variety of high-profile server takedowns. Notably, it had been used extensively by Iranian ‘hackivists’ following the 2009 Iranian presidential election to attack Iranian government internet sites.

Slowloris works by opening multiple connections to the targeted web server and keeping them open as long as possible. It does this by continuously sending partial HTTP requests, none of which are ever completed. The attacked servers open more and connections open, expecting each of the attack requests to be completed.

Periodically, the Slowloris sends subsequent HTTP headers for every request, but never actually completes the request. Ultimately, the targeted server’s maximum concurrent connection pool is filled, and extra (legitimate) connection attempts are denied.

By sending partial, as against malformed, packets, Slowloris can easily elapse traditional Intrusion Detection systems.

Named after a kind of slow-moving Asian primate, Slowloris really does win the race by moving slowly and steadily. A Slowloris attack must await sockets to be released by legitimate requests before consuming them one by one.

For a high-volume internet site, this will take a while. the method are often further slowed if legitimate sessions are reinitiated. But within the end, if the attack is unmitigated, Slowloris―like the tortoise―wins the race.

If undetected or unmitigated, Slowloris attacks also can last for long periods of your time. When attacked sockets outing, Slowloris simply reinitiates the connections, continuing to reach the online server until mitigated.

Designed for stealth also as efficacy, Slowloris are often modified to send different host headers within the event that a virtual host is targeted, and logs are stored separately for every virtual host.

More importantly, within the course of an attack, Slowloris are often set to suppress log file creation.

this suggests the attack can catch unmonitored servers off-guard, with none red flags appearing in log file entries.

Methods of mitigation

Imperva’s security services are enabled by reverse proxy technology, used for inspection of all incoming requests on their thanks to the clients’ servers.

Imperva’s secured proxy won’t forward any partial connection requests―rendering all Slowloris DDoS attack attempts completely and utterly useless.

Question #78

To create a botnet. the attacker can use several techniques to scan vulnerable machines. The attacker first collects Information about a large number of vulnerable machines to create a list. Subsequently, they infect the machines. The list Is divided by assigning half of the list to the newly compromised machines. The scanning process runs simultaneously. This technique ensures the spreading and installation of malicious code in little time.

Which technique is discussed here?

A . Hit-list-scanning technique
B . Topological scanning technique
C . Subnet scanning technique
D . Permutation scanning technique

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Correct Answer: A
A

Explanation:

One of the biggest problems a worm faces in achieving a very fast rate of infection is “getting off the ground.” although a worm spreads exponentially throughout the early stages of infection, the time needed to infect say the first 10,000 hosts dominates the infection time.

There is a straightforward way for an active worm a simple this obstacle, that we term hit-list scanning. Before the worm is free, the worm author collects a listing of say ten,000 to 50,000 potentially vulnerable machines, ideally ones with sensible network connections. The worm, when released onto an initial machine on this hit-list, begins scanning down the list. once it infects a machine, it divides the hit-list in half, communicating half to the recipient worm, keeping the other half.

This fast division ensures that even if only 10-20% of the machines on the hit-list are actually vulnerable, an active worm can quickly bear the hit-list and establish itself on all vulnerable machines in only some seconds. though the hit-list could begin at 200 kilobytes, it quickly shrinks to nothing during the partitioning. This provides a great benefit in constructing a quick worm by speeding the initial infection.

The hit-list needn’t be perfect: a simple list of machines running a selected server sort could serve, though larger accuracy can improve the unfold. The hit-list itself is generated victimization one or many of the following techniques, ready well before, typically with very little concern of detection.

Stealthy scans. Portscans are so common and then wide ignored that even a quick scan of the whole net would be unlikely to attract law enforcement attention or over gentle comment within the incident response community. However, for attackers wish to be particularly careful, a randomised sneaky scan taking many months would be not possible to attract much attention, as most intrusion detection systems are not currently capable of detecting such low-profile scans. Some portion of the scan would be out of date by the time it had been used, however abundant of it’d not.

Distributed scanning. an assailant might scan the web using a few dozen to some thousand already-compromised “zombies,” the same as what DDOS attackers assemble in a very fairly routine fashion. Such distributed scanning has already been seen within the wildCLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory received ten throughout the past year.

DNS searches. Assemble a list of domains (for example, by using wide offered spam mail lists, or trolling the address registries). The DNS will then be searched for the science addresses of mail-servers (via mx records) or net servers (by looking for www.domain.com).

Spiders. For net server worms (like Code Red), use Web-crawling techniques the same as search engines so as to produce a list of most Internet-connected web sites. this would be unlikely to draw in serious attention.

Public surveys. for many potential targets there may be surveys available listing them, like the Netcraft survey.

Just listen. Some applications, like peer-to-peer networks, wind up advertising many of their servers. Similarly, many previous worms effectively broadcast that the infected machine is vulnerable to further attack. easy, because of its widespread scanning, during the Code Red I infection it was easy to select up the addresses of upwards of 300,000 vulnerable IIS serversCbecause each came knock on everyone’s door!

Question #78

To create a botnet. the attacker can use several techniques to scan vulnerable machines. The attacker first collects Information about a large number of vulnerable machines to create a list. Subsequently, they infect the machines. The list Is divided by assigning half of the list to the newly compromised machines. The scanning process runs simultaneously. This technique ensures the spreading and installation of malicious code in little time.

Which technique is discussed here?

A . Hit-list-scanning technique
B . Topological scanning technique
C . Subnet scanning technique
D . Permutation scanning technique

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Correct Answer: A
A

Explanation:

One of the biggest problems a worm faces in achieving a very fast rate of infection is “getting off the ground.” although a worm spreads exponentially throughout the early stages of infection, the time needed to infect say the first 10,000 hosts dominates the infection time.

There is a straightforward way for an active worm a simple this obstacle, that we term hit-list scanning. Before the worm is free, the worm author collects a listing of say ten,000 to 50,000 potentially vulnerable machines, ideally ones with sensible network connections. The worm, when released onto an initial machine on this hit-list, begins scanning down the list. once it infects a machine, it divides the hit-list in half, communicating half to the recipient worm, keeping the other half.

This fast division ensures that even if only 10-20% of the machines on the hit-list are actually vulnerable, an active worm can quickly bear the hit-list and establish itself on all vulnerable machines in only some seconds. though the hit-list could begin at 200 kilobytes, it quickly shrinks to nothing during the partitioning. This provides a great benefit in constructing a quick worm by speeding the initial infection.

The hit-list needn’t be perfect: a simple list of machines running a selected server sort could serve, though larger accuracy can improve the unfold. The hit-list itself is generated victimization one or many of the following techniques, ready well before, typically with very little concern of detection.

Stealthy scans. Portscans are so common and then wide ignored that even a quick scan of the whole net would be unlikely to attract law enforcement attention or over gentle comment within the incident response community. However, for attackers wish to be particularly careful, a randomised sneaky scan taking many months would be not possible to attract much attention, as most intrusion detection systems are not currently capable of detecting such low-profile scans. Some portion of the scan would be out of date by the time it had been used, however abundant of it’d not.

Distributed scanning. an assailant might scan the web using a few dozen to some thousand already-compromised “zombies,” the same as what DDOS attackers assemble in a very fairly routine fashion. Such distributed scanning has already been seen within the wildCLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory received ten throughout the past year.

DNS searches. Assemble a list of domains (for example, by using wide offered spam mail lists, or trolling the address registries). The DNS will then be searched for the science addresses of mail-servers (via mx records) or net servers (by looking for www.domain.com).

Spiders. For net server worms (like Code Red), use Web-crawling techniques the same as search engines so as to produce a list of most Internet-connected web sites. this would be unlikely to draw in serious attention.

Public surveys. for many potential targets there may be surveys available listing them, like the Netcraft survey.

Just listen. Some applications, like peer-to-peer networks, wind up advertising many of their servers. Similarly, many previous worms effectively broadcast that the infected machine is vulnerable to further attack. easy, because of its widespread scanning, during the Code Red I infection it was easy to select up the addresses of upwards of 300,000 vulnerable IIS serversCbecause each came knock on everyone’s door!

Question #80

Peter, a system administrator working at a reputed IT firm, decided to work from his home and login remotely. Later, he anticipated that the remote connection could be exposed to session hijacking. To curb this possibility, he implemented a technique that creates a safe and encrypted tunnel over a public network to securely send and receive sensitive information and prevent hackers from decrypting the data flow between the endpoints.

What is the technique followed by Peter to send files securely through a remote connection?

A . DMZ
B . SMB signing
C . VPN
D . Switch network

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