EC-Council 312-38 Practice Exams
Last updated on Oct 22,2026- Exam Code: 312-38
- Exam Name: Certified Network Defender
- Certification Provider: EC-Council
- Latest update: Oct 22,2026
Question #181
Should not be expensive.
The management team asks Nancy to research and suggest the appropriate RAID level that best suits their requirements.
What RAID level will she suggest?
- A . RAID 0
- B . RAID 10
- C . RAID 3
- D . RAID 1
Correct Answer: C
C
Explanation:
RAID 3 is a level of RAID that uses striping with a dedicated parity disk. This means that data is spread across multiple disks, and parity information is stored on one dedicated disk. RAID 3 allows for good read and write speeds and can reconstruct data if one drive fails, thanks to the parity information. It is also a cost-effective solution because it requires only one additional disk for parity, regardless of the size of the array. This makes it suitable for environments where data throughput and fault tolerance are important but budget constraints are a consideration.
Reference: The explanation aligns with the RAID level characteristics and the requirements specified by the management team. RAID 3’s ability to provide parity checks, data reconstruction during downtime, and process data at a good speed while being cost-effective makes it an appropriate choice123.
C
Explanation:
RAID 3 is a level of RAID that uses striping with a dedicated parity disk. This means that data is spread across multiple disks, and parity information is stored on one dedicated disk. RAID 3 allows for good read and write speeds and can reconstruct data if one drive fails, thanks to the parity information. It is also a cost-effective solution because it requires only one additional disk for parity, regardless of the size of the array. This makes it suitable for environments where data throughput and fault tolerance are important but budget constraints are a consideration.
Reference: The explanation aligns with the RAID level characteristics and the requirements specified by the management team. RAID 3’s ability to provide parity checks, data reconstruction during downtime, and process data at a good speed while being cost-effective makes it an appropriate choice123.
Question #182
Which of the following network security controls can an administrator use to detect, deflect or study attempts to gain unauthorized access to information systems?
- A . IDS/IPS
- B . Network Protocol Analyzer
- C . Proxy Server
- D . Honeypot
Correct Answer: D
D
Explanation:
A honeypot is a security mechanism set up to act as a decoy to attract and detect cyber attackers. It is designed to mimic systems that an attacker would like to break into but is actually isolated and monitored. Unlike other security measures, a honeypot’s purpose is not to prevent an attack but rather to study the attack methods and behavior. This information can be used to improve other security controls like IDS/IPS and to understand the threats better. Honeypots can also serve to deflect attacks from legitimate targets, as attackers may waste time and resources on the decoy system.
Reference: The explanation aligns with the standard practices and objectives of network security as outlined in the Certified Network Defender (CND) course by EC-Council. For the most accurate and detailed references, please consult the latest CND study materials and documents provided by the EC-Council.
D
Explanation:
A honeypot is a security mechanism set up to act as a decoy to attract and detect cyber attackers. It is designed to mimic systems that an attacker would like to break into but is actually isolated and monitored. Unlike other security measures, a honeypot’s purpose is not to prevent an attack but rather to study the attack methods and behavior. This information can be used to improve other security controls like IDS/IPS and to understand the threats better. Honeypots can also serve to deflect attacks from legitimate targets, as attackers may waste time and resources on the decoy system.
Reference: The explanation aligns with the standard practices and objectives of network security as outlined in the Certified Network Defender (CND) course by EC-Council. For the most accurate and detailed references, please consult the latest CND study materials and documents provided by the EC-Council.
Question #183
The CEO of Max Rager wants to send a confidential message regarding the new formula for its coveted soft drink, SuperMax, to its manufacturer in Texas. However, he fears the message could be altered in transit.
How can he prevent this incident from happening and what element of the message ensures the success of this method?
- A . Hashing; hash code
- B . Symmetric encryption; secret key
- C . Hashing; public key
- D . Asymmetric encryption; public key
Correct Answer: A
A
Explanation:
To ensure the integrity of the message and prevent it from being altered in transit, hashing can be used. Hashing is a process where a hash function converts data into a fixed-size string of characters, which is typically a hash code. When the message is sent, the hash code is generated and sent along with it. Upon receipt, the receiver can run the same hash function on the received message to generate a new hash code. If this new hash code matches the one sent with the message, it confirms that the message has not been altered. This method does not encrypt the message content but ensures that any changes to the message in transit can be detected.
Reference: The explanation is based on the principles of message integrity and non-repudiation as outlined in the EC-Council’s Certified Network Defender (CND) program, which includes understanding of network security controls and protocols, as well as the application of security measures to protect data integrity12.
A
Explanation:
To ensure the integrity of the message and prevent it from being altered in transit, hashing can be used. Hashing is a process where a hash function converts data into a fixed-size string of characters, which is typically a hash code. When the message is sent, the hash code is generated and sent along with it. Upon receipt, the receiver can run the same hash function on the received message to generate a new hash code. If this new hash code matches the one sent with the message, it confirms that the message has not been altered. This method does not encrypt the message content but ensures that any changes to the message in transit can be detected.
Reference: The explanation is based on the principles of message integrity and non-repudiation as outlined in the EC-Council’s Certified Network Defender (CND) program, which includes understanding of network security controls and protocols, as well as the application of security measures to protect data integrity12.
Question #184
Which phase of vulnerability management deals with the actions taken for correcting the discovered vulnerability?
- A . Mitigation
- B . Assessment
- C . Remediation
- D . Verification
Correct Answer: C
C
Explanation:
The phase of vulnerability management that deals with the actions taken for correcting the discovered vulnerability is known as Remediation. This phase involves the actual fixing or patching of the vulnerabilities to reduce the risk of exploitation. Remediation can include applying patches, making configuration changes, or implementing compensating controls. It is a critical step in the vulnerability management lifecycle, which ensures that the identified vulnerabilities are addressed to protect the network from potential attacks.
Reference: The concept of remediation as a phase in vulnerability management is supported by various cybersecurity frameworks and is a standard practice in the industry. It is also a part of the vulnerability management lifecycle which typically includes identifying, assessing, prioritizing, remediating, and verifying vulnerabilities1.
C
Explanation:
The phase of vulnerability management that deals with the actions taken for correcting the discovered vulnerability is known as Remediation. This phase involves the actual fixing or patching of the vulnerabilities to reduce the risk of exploitation. Remediation can include applying patches, making configuration changes, or implementing compensating controls. It is a critical step in the vulnerability management lifecycle, which ensures that the identified vulnerabilities are addressed to protect the network from potential attacks.
Reference: The concept of remediation as a phase in vulnerability management is supported by various cybersecurity frameworks and is a standard practice in the industry. It is also a part of the vulnerability management lifecycle which typically includes identifying, assessing, prioritizing, remediating, and verifying vulnerabilities1.
Question #185
To secure his company’s network, Tim the network admin, installed a security device that inspected all inbound and outbound network traffic for suspicious patterns. The device was configured to alert him if it found any such suspicious activity.
Identify the type of network security device installed by Tim?
- A . Firewall
- B . Honeypot
- C . Proxy server
- D . Intrusion Detection System (IDS)
Correct Answer: D
D
Explanation:
The network security device described is an Intrusion Detection System (IDS). An IDS monitors all inbound and outbound network traffic for suspicious patterns and is configured to alert the network administrator if it detects any such activity. This aligns with the primary function of an IDS, which is to serve as a monitoring system, not necessarily to block traffic like a firewall or act as a decoy like a honeypot. It differs from a proxy server, which would primarily manage and forward web requests on behalf of clients. The IDS operates by analyzing traffic and identifying potential threats based on known signatures or anomalies in network behavior, thereby enabling the network admin to take appropriate action to secure the network12.
Reference: The explanation provided is based on standard network security practices and the functionalities of an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as outlined in network security resources. For detailed and specific references, please consult the latest Certified Network Defender (CND) study materials and documents provided by the EC-Council.
D
Explanation:
The network security device described is an Intrusion Detection System (IDS). An IDS monitors all inbound and outbound network traffic for suspicious patterns and is configured to alert the network administrator if it detects any such activity. This aligns with the primary function of an IDS, which is to serve as a monitoring system, not necessarily to block traffic like a firewall or act as a decoy like a honeypot. It differs from a proxy server, which would primarily manage and forward web requests on behalf of clients. The IDS operates by analyzing traffic and identifying potential threats based on known signatures or anomalies in network behavior, thereby enabling the network admin to take appropriate action to secure the network12.
Reference: The explanation provided is based on standard network security practices and the functionalities of an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as outlined in network security resources. For detailed and specific references, please consult the latest Certified Network Defender (CND) study materials and documents provided by the EC-Council.
Question #186
John wants to implement a firewall service that works at the session layer of the OSI model. The firewall must also have the ability to hide the private network information.
Which type of firewall service is John thinking of implementing?
- A . Application level gateway
- B . Circuit level gateway
- C . Stateful Multilayer Inspection
- D . Packet Filtering
Correct Answer: B
B
Explanation:
A circuit level gateway operates at the session layer of the OSI model, which is responsible for establishing, maintaining, and terminating connections between network nodes. It is designed to provide security by verifying the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) handshaking between packets to ensure that the session is legitimate and by monitoring the state of the connection. Unlike application-level gateways, circuit level gateways do not inspect the packet’s contents but rather the header information to ensure that the traffic conforms to the established rules. This type of firewall is particularly effective at hiding the private network information because it only allows traffic from established sessions and does not expose the details of the network’s internal structure.
Reference: The information about the operation of circuit level gateways at the session layer and their ability to hide private network information is supported by the definitions and explanations provided in the sources from the web search results123. These sources align with the objectives and documents of the EC-Council’s Certified Network Defender (CND) program.
B
Explanation:
A circuit level gateway operates at the session layer of the OSI model, which is responsible for establishing, maintaining, and terminating connections between network nodes. It is designed to provide security by verifying the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) handshaking between packets to ensure that the session is legitimate and by monitoring the state of the connection. Unlike application-level gateways, circuit level gateways do not inspect the packet’s contents but rather the header information to ensure that the traffic conforms to the established rules. This type of firewall is particularly effective at hiding the private network information because it only allows traffic from established sessions and does not expose the details of the network’s internal structure.
Reference: The information about the operation of circuit level gateways at the session layer and their ability to hide private network information is supported by the definitions and explanations provided in the sources from the web search results123. These sources align with the objectives and documents of the EC-Council’s Certified Network Defender (CND) program.
Question #187
———–is a group of broadband wireless communications standards for Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs)
- A . 802.15.4
- B . 802.15
- C . 802.12
- D . 802.16
Correct Answer: D
D
Explanation:
The IEEE 802.16 is a series of wireless broadband standards, also known as Wireless MAN, that are designed for Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs). It specifies the air interface, including the medium access control layer (MAC) and physical layer (PHY), of combined fixed and mobile point-to-multipoint broadband wireless access systems. This standard supports rapid deployment of broadband wireless access systems and encourages competition by providing alternatives to wireline broadband access.
Reference: The information is verified by the IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks
Part 16: Air Interface for Broadband Wireless Access Systems1, and further details can be found in the IEEE 802.16 Working Group’s documents23.
D
Explanation:
The IEEE 802.16 is a series of wireless broadband standards, also known as Wireless MAN, that are designed for Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs). It specifies the air interface, including the medium access control layer (MAC) and physical layer (PHY), of combined fixed and mobile point-to-multipoint broadband wireless access systems. This standard supports rapid deployment of broadband wireless access systems and encourages competition by providing alternatives to wireline broadband access.
Reference: The information is verified by the IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks
Part 16: Air Interface for Broadband Wireless Access Systems1, and further details can be found in the IEEE 802.16 Working Group’s documents23.
Question #188
A network administrator is monitoring the network traffic with Wireshark.
Which of the following filters will she use to view the packets moving without setting a flag to detect TCP Null Scan attempts?
- A . TCRflags==0x000
- B . Tcp.flags==0X029
- C . Tcp.dstport==7
- D . Tcp.flags==0x003
Correct Answer: A
A
Explanation:
In Wireshark, to detect TCP Null Scan attempts, the filter used is tcp.flags==0. This filter will show packets where no TCP flags are set, which is indicative of a TCP Null Scan. A TCP Null Scan is a type of network reconnaissance technique where the attacker sends TCP packets with no flags set to the target system. If the target system responds with a RST packet, it indicates that the port is closed, while no response suggests that the port is open or filtered. This method is used because some systems do not log these null packets, allowing the scan to go unnoticed.
Reference: The information provided is based on standard network security practices for monitoring and analyzing network traffic using Wireshark, as well as the specific details of TCP Null Scans and their detection as outlined in network security resources1.
A
Explanation:
In Wireshark, to detect TCP Null Scan attempts, the filter used is tcp.flags==0. This filter will show packets where no TCP flags are set, which is indicative of a TCP Null Scan. A TCP Null Scan is a type of network reconnaissance technique where the attacker sends TCP packets with no flags set to the target system. If the target system responds with a RST packet, it indicates that the port is closed, while no response suggests that the port is open or filtered. This method is used because some systems do not log these null packets, allowing the scan to go unnoticed.
Reference: The information provided is based on standard network security practices for monitoring and analyzing network traffic using Wireshark, as well as the specific details of TCP Null Scans and their detection as outlined in network security resources1.
Question #189
Ross manages 30 employees and only 25 computers in the organization. The network the company uses is a peer-to-peer. Ross configures access control measures allowing the employees to set their own control measures for their files and folders.
Which access control did Ross implement?
- A . Discretionary access control
- B . Mandatory access control
- C . Non-discretionary access control
- D . Role-based access control
Correct Answer: A
A
Explanation:
Ross implemented Discretionary Access Control (DAC) in the organization’s peer-to-peer network. DAC is a type of access control where the data owner has the authority to decide who can access their data and what permissions they have. In a peer-to-peer network, where each peer can act as both a client and a server, DAC allows individual users to set access controls for their own files and folders. This is consistent with Ross allowing employees to set their own control measures, which aligns with the principles of DAC where owners or creators of the resources have the discretion to grant or restrict access to other users based on their own criteria1.
Reference: The explanation aligns with the standard definitions and functions of Discretionary Access Control as outlined in cybersecurity resources such as Built In’s guide to DAC1 and is in accordance with the Certified Network Defender (CND) program’s objectives regarding understanding and implementing access control measures.
A
Explanation:
Ross implemented Discretionary Access Control (DAC) in the organization’s peer-to-peer network. DAC is a type of access control where the data owner has the authority to decide who can access their data and what permissions they have. In a peer-to-peer network, where each peer can act as both a client and a server, DAC allows individual users to set access controls for their own files and folders. This is consistent with Ross allowing employees to set their own control measures, which aligns with the principles of DAC where owners or creators of the resources have the discretion to grant or restrict access to other users based on their own criteria1.
Reference: The explanation aligns with the standard definitions and functions of Discretionary Access Control as outlined in cybersecurity resources such as Built In’s guide to DAC1 and is in accordance with the Certified Network Defender (CND) program’s objectives regarding understanding and implementing access control measures.
Question #190
Which type of modulation technique is used in local area wireless networks (LAWNs)?
- A . FHSS
- B . OFDM
- C . DSSS
- D . MIMO-OFDM
Correct Answer: B
B
Explanation:
Local Area Wireless Networks (LAWNs), commonly known as Wireless LANs (WLANs), typically use Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) as the modulation technique. OFDM is a method of encoding digital data on multiple carrier frequencies. It is known for its efficiency in carrying high data rates over radio waves and its robustness against narrowband interference and frequency-selective fading due to multipath. This makes OFDM a suitable choice for LAWN environments where such conditions are prevalent.
Reference: The use of OFDM in WLANs is well-documented and is a standard practice in the industry. It is mentioned in various educational resources and official certification study guides related to network security and wireless communication standards12.
B
Explanation:
Local Area Wireless Networks (LAWNs), commonly known as Wireless LANs (WLANs), typically use Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) as the modulation technique. OFDM is a method of encoding digital data on multiple carrier frequencies. It is known for its efficiency in carrying high data rates over radio waves and its robustness against narrowband interference and frequency-selective fading due to multipath. This makes OFDM a suitable choice for LAWN environments where such conditions are prevalent.
Reference: The use of OFDM in WLANs is well-documented and is a standard practice in the industry. It is mentioned in various educational resources and official certification study guides related to network security and wireless communication standards12.